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A paradigm can be defined as the entire constellation of beliefs, assumptions and values that underlie the way in which a society interprets reality at a given point in time. In this sense, a paradigm can also be described as a 'world view' or 'cosmology'. According to Knhn (1962), a paradigm shift is likely to occur when the prevailing paradigm is faced with contradictions and anomalies that it cannot explain or accommodate. In response to this crisis, another paradigm appears that apparently accounts for these problems, and this new paradigm itself gradually emerges as the dominant, paradigm for that society. The period from when the contradictions are first apparent to the replacement of the old paradigm with the competing paradigm can last for many decades, or even centuries.
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