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Carl Jung's Theory of Personality
Carl Jung is another psychoanalyst who broke with Freud to form his own school of thought. Although he agreed with Freud that unconscious feelings shape behavior, he believed Freud placed too much emphasis on psycho ual urges and personal experiences.
Jung expanded on Freud's idea of the unconscious mind. He described the unconscious as divided into two parts. The personal unconscious is similar to Freud's concept. It is made up of each individual's personal experiences that were once conscious but have since been forgotten. But a more influential part, according to Jung, is the collective unconscious. This contains the memories from our ancestors. It is universal—the same for everyone. Jung called these universal ideas archetypes. They reflect common experiences and beliefs of humanity.
Jung found common archetypes in the myths and stories of many cultures. For example, most societies have somewhat similar stories of the creation of the world. Most cultures also have a story of a small weak person conquering a large evil person, such as David and Goliath.
Jung says in many of these stories there is a conflict between opposite types. He concluded that human personality also centers around two opposite types: introversion and extroversion. According to Jung, most people are either primarily introverted or primarily extroverted. An introvert is a person who tends to look inward. Introverts are oriented toward themselves. They are generally shy and quiet. Extroverts are the opposite. They tend to look outward and be outgoing and friendly. They are at ease with people and are often the "life of the party." Jung believed that one aim of life was to bring these two tendencies together, but that most people remain one or the other.
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