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The autonomic nervous system. The President of the country is probably too busy to do his own housekeeping. He hires others to perform those chores. So like the President's staff, the autonomic system in your body relieves the brain of thinking about the body's housekeeping functions and normally performs them on its own. Unlike the President's staff, the autonomic system works 'round the clock. Functions like digestion, breathing, heartbeat, and glandular secretions are regulated by the autonomic system and go on working whether we are awake or asleep.
There are two sets of nerves in the autonomic system which function in two separate ways. Think of one set as the accelerator in a car, the other as the brake system. When our lives are threatened or when we experience strong emotions or anxiety such as fear, rage, or worry, the accelerator part of the autonomic system must step up its work. During those times, your heart races, your palms sweat, your adrenal glands signal to release additional hormones to provide "quick energy." Some blood vessels are constricted/ as in the digestive tract, in order to provide more blood to the heart and the muscles where it is needed. This part of the autonomic system is called the sympathetic system.
But once your body is "keyed up," what brings it back down to normal? Does your car stop racing just because you take your foot off the accelerator? No, you must apply the brakes. This is where the para-sympathetic system comes in. It slows breathing, reduces your heart rate, returns blood vessels back to normal, and generally helps your body recover from its taxing situation. The sympathetic and para-sympathetic systems oppose and consequently balance each other.
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